竞业限制的范围与规则-竞业限制知识大全|极兔竞调
竞业限制的范围与规则
竞业限制是否排除了所有的竞业限制行为？
该规则不适用于根据商业实体、个人在商业实体中的所有权权益或商业实体的全部或大部分经营资产的正当出售而订立的竞业
限制条款。与最初的拟议规则不同，委员会选择不对出售业务例外规定最低所有权权益门槛。
联邦贸易委员会解释说，它增加了“善意”一词，并作出修改，明确规定任何排除的竞业限制条款都必须“依据善意销售”，
以解决评论者的担忧，即雇主可能试图利用与全资子公司的虚假交易、“强行”竞业限制条款、回购权、强制股票赎回计划
或其他机制来试图逃避该规则。
该规则不适用于特许经营者-特许人关系中的特许经营者。此外，超出联邦贸易委员会监管范围的雇主不受该规则的约束，例
如非营利组织和联邦监管的银行和信用合作社。
该规则还对“高级管理人员”进行了有限的排除，允许执行在规则生效日之前与高级管理人员达成的竞业限制协议。
如何定义“高级管理人员”？
为了解释“高级管理人员”的定义，FTC 不仅对该术语进行了定义，还对该术语中与“决策职位”和“决策权”相关的组成部
分进行了定义。该规则附带的评论还包含有关该主题的额外指导。
该规则将“高级管理人员”定义为：
（1）处于决策职位；且
（2）上一年度总薪酬至少为 151,164 美元的员工。
“决策职位”一词的定义是指商业实体的总裁、首席执行官或同等职位、商业实体中任何其他具有决策权的官员或任何其他对
商业实体具有与具有决策权的官员类似的决策权的自然人。该定义指出，“为本款的目的，对共同企业具有决策权的商业实体
的子公司或附属公司的官员可被视为具有决策职位”，但“对共同企业不具有决策权的自然人即使对共同企业具有决策权的商
业实体的子公司或附属公司具有决策权，也不被视为具有决策职位。”
“决策权” 的定义是“对控制商业实体或共同企业重大方面的政策决策拥有最终权力，但不包括仅限于对此类政策决策提供建
议或施加影响的权力，或仅为共同企业的子公司或附属公司制定政策决策的最终权力”。
委员会的评论包括一项声明，称其正寻求“与 SEC 的‘执行官’定义大致一致，同时将重点放在更多实体中的高级管理人员身
上。”委员会列举了一些不被视为“高级管理人员”的职位，包括制造公司营销部门的负责人，该负责人只为营销部门制定政策
决策。委员会指出，如果这些决策不控制业务的重要方面（这些决策可能会影响营销部门以外的业务），那么营销部门的负责人
将不被视为高级管理人员。
委员会还解释说，要成为“共同企业”，一个实体必须包括“综合性商业实体”，这意味着共同企业的各个组成部分将具有例如
“以下一个或多个特征：保持共同的官员、董事和员工；在共同控制下运作；共享办公室；混合资金；共享广告和营销”。
该规则是否禁止与独立承包商进行竞争？
是的，该规则适用于独立承包商，以及为企业工作的任何人，无论有偿还是无偿。
我所在的州有一项允许竞业限制的法律。该规定对州法律有何影响？
拟议规则规定，该规则将取代任何不一致的州法规、条例、命令或解释。允许制定为工人提供更大保护的州法规、条例、命令
或解释。
Scope and rules of non compete restrictions
Does non compete rule out all non compete behaviors?
This rule does not apply to non compete clauses established based on the legitimate sale of all or a substantial
portion of the business entity's operating assets or the ownership interests of individuals in the business entity.
Unlike the initial proposed rule, the committee chose not to set a minimum ownership equity threshold for exceptions
to the sale of business.
The Federal Trade Commission explained that it has added the term "good faith" and made modifications to explicitly
state that any exclusion of non compete clauses must be based on "good faith sales" to address concerns from
commentators that employers may attempt to evade the rule by using false transactions with wholly-owned subsidiaries,
"forced" non compete clauses, repurchase rights, forced stock redemption plans, or other mechanisms.
This rule does not apply to franchisees in the franchisor franchisor relationship. In addition, employers beyond the
regulatory scope of the Federal Trade Commission are not subject to this rule, such as non-profit organizations and
federally regulated banks and credit unions.
The rule also provides limited exclusion for "senior management personnel", allowing the enforcement of non compete
agreements reached with senior management personnel before the effective date of the rule.
How to define 'senior management'?
In order to explain the definition of "senior management personnel", the FTC not only defined the term, but also
defined the components related to "decision-making positions" and "decision-making power" in the term. The
comments accompanying this rule also include additional guidance on the topic.
This rule defines "senior management personnel" as:
(1) Being in a decision-making position; And
(2) Employees with a total salary of at least $151164 in the previous year.
The definition of the term 'decision-making position' refers to the president, CEO, or equivalent position of a
business entity, any other official with decision-making power in the business entity, or any other natural person
with decision-making power similar to that of an official with decision-making power over the business entity.
The definition states that "for the purposes of this paragraph, officials of subsidiaries or affiliates of a business
entity that has decision-making power over a common enterprise may be deemed to hold decision-making positions,
" but "natural persons who do not have decision-making power over a common enterprise, even if they have
decision-making power over subsidiaries or affiliates of a business entity that has decision-making power over a
common enterprise, are not deemed to hold decision-making positions
The definition of "decision-making power" is "the ultimate power to make policy decisions that control significant aspects
of a business entity or joint venture, but does not include the power to provide advice or influence only on such policy
decisions, or the ultimate power to make policy decisions only for subsidiaries or affiliates of the joint venture.
The committee's comments include a statement that it is seeking to "roughly align with the SEC's definition of 'executive'
while focusing on senior executives in more entities." The committee listed some positions that are not considered
"senior executives," including the head of a manufacturing company's marketing department who only makes policy
decisions for the marketing department. The committee pointed out that if these decisions do not control important
aspects of the business (which may affect business outside the marketing department), then the head of the marketing
department will not be considered a senior executive.
The committee also explained that in order to become a "joint venture," an entity must include a "comprehensive business
entity," which means that the various components of the joint venture will have, for example, "one or more of the
following characteristics: maintaining common officers, directors, and employees; operating under common control;
shared offices; mixed funds; and shared advertising and marketing.
Does this rule prohibit competition with independent contractors?
Yes, this rule applies to independent contractors and anyone working for a company, whether paid or unpaid.
There is a law in my state that allows for non compete restrictions. What impact does this regulation have on state
laws?
The proposed rule stipulates that it will supersede any inconsistent state regulations, ordinances, orders, or interpretations.
Allow the development of state regulations, ordinances, orders, or interpretations that provide greater protection for workers.
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